Instructor Framing and Incentives Shape Physics Students' Engagement and Learning Gains from an Inquiry-Based Electrostatics Tutorial on the Method of Images

TL;DR

This study developed and validated an inquiry-based electrostatics tutorial on the method of images, revealing how instructor framing influences student engagement and learning gains.

Contribution

It introduces a refined MoI tutorial based on student difficulties and instructor framing, demonstrating its impact on student understanding and motivation.

Findings

Students improved understanding after the tutorial compared to lecture-based instruction.

Instructor framing significantly affects student motivation and engagement.

Common difficulties in advanced students mirror those in introductory courses.

Abstract

The method of images (MoI) is a valuable technique for solving certain electrostatic boundary value problems consisting of charge density near conductor(s). We developed and validated an inquiry-based tutorial on MoI to help students learn to identify the problems related to the concept. We implemented the inquiry-based tutorial accompanied by pretest and posttest, across three instructors' classes to evaluate student learning. We also conducted think-aloud interviews with advanced physics students, which helped us gain insights into their problem-solving strategies, evaluate their understanding developed through the tutorial and make necessary refinements to the MoI tutorial. The study identified common student difficulties, which were subsequently integrated into the inquiry-based tutorial as a guide to provide support to students. We found that advanced students have common difficulties related to physics concepts similar to those found in introductory physics courses. The performance difference in the pretest administered after lecture-based instruction and the posttest administered after working through the tutorial reflects students' ability to apply what they learned from the inquiry-based tutorial compared to traditional lecture. Another important and unanticipated finding reveals how instructor's framing about inquiry-based instructional tasks can have a significant impact on student motivation, engagement, and performance. Overall, this iterative multi-year design-based comparative research with mixed-method triangulation provides valuable insights on the challenges involved in such studies that educators and researchers alike can greatly benefit from.