Local Lie Theory in Quasi-Banach Lie Algebras: Convergence of the BCH Series and Geometric Implications

TL;DR

This paper establishes a local Lie group structure for quasi-Banach Lie algebras with a convergent BCH series, analyzing geometric effects of quasi-norms and providing numerical bounds that improve classical estimates.

Contribution

It develops a local Lie theory for quasi-normed Lie algebras, proving BCH convergence and analyzing geometric and numerical properties in this relaxed setting.

Findings

BCH series converges near the origin under certain conditions

Classical bounds are conservative; actual convergence radii can be larger

Numerical estimates demonstrate improved practical convergence in structured algebras

Abstract

We develop a local Lie theory for Lie algebras equipped with a quasi-norm, i.e., complete topological vector spaces satisfying a relaxed triangle inequality $\|x+y\|\le \Ctri(\|x\|+\|y\|)$ with $\Ctri\ge 1$. We prove that the Baker--Campbell--Hausdorff (BCH) series converges in a neighborhood of the origin, provided the quasi-norm admits a continuous Lie bracket with finite continuity constant $\Cbracket$. The proof relies on the Aoki--Rolewicz theorem to construct an equivalent $p$-norm satisfying $p$-subadditivity, enabling rigorous Cauchy-sequence arguments in the complete quasi-metric space $(E, d_p)$. This yields a well-defined local Lie group structure via the exponential map. We analyze the geometric deformation induced by the quasi-norm exponent $p\in(0,1]$, showing that it modifies metric properties while preserving the underlying Lie algebraic structure. Numerical estimates of BCH coefficients up to degree $20$, with coefficients defined precisely via Hall--Lyndon basis projection, demonstrate that classical combinatorial bounds are conservative in the presence of algebraic cancellations, allowing significantly larger practical convergence radii in structured algebras. Applications include weak Schatten ideals $\mathcal{L}_{p,\infty}(H)$ for $0<p<1$ and certain Hardy-space operator algebras. \smallskip\noindent\textbf{Remark on the convergence radius.} The Catalan-majorant method yields convergence for $\|x\|+\|y\| < 1/(4\Cbracket)$; the additional factor $\Ctri$ appearing in the combined constant $\Ctotal = \Ctri\Cbracket$ is an artefact of switching to the $p$-norm to establish Cauchyness of partial sums. When the quasi-norm itself is directly a $p$-norm ($\Ctri=1$), no such penalty arises and the radius reduces to $1/(4\Cbracket)$.