Validated Intent Compilation for Constrained Routing in LEO Mega-Constellations

TL;DR

This paper introduces an end-to-end system that translates high-level operator intents into low-level routing constraints for LEO mega-constellations, ensuring safety and high performance.

Contribution

It combines a GNN-based router, an LLM intent compiler with verification, and a deterministic validator to reliably implement constrained routing from natural language.

Findings

GNN router achieves 99.8% packet delivery with 17x speedup.

LLM intent compiler attains 98.4% compilation rate and 87.6% semantic match.

Validator detects 100% of targeted adversarial attacks and corruption tests.

Abstract

Operating LEO mega-constellations requires translating high-level operator intents ("reroute financial traffic away from polar links under 80 ms") into low-level routing constraints -- a task that demands both natural language understanding and network-domain expertise. We present an end-to-end system comprising three components: (1) a GNN cost-to-go router that distills Dijkstra-quality routing into a 152K-parameter graph attention network achieving 99.8% packet delivery ratio with 17x inference speedup; (2) an LLM intent compiler that converts natural language to a typed constraint intermediate representation using few-shot prompting with a verifier-feedback repair loop, achieving 98.4% compilation rate and 87.6% full semantic match on feasible intents in a 240-intent benchmark (193 feasible, 47 infeasible); and (3) an 8-pass deterministic validator with constructive feasibility certification that achieves 0% unsafe acceptance on all 47 infeasible intents (30 labeled + 17 discovered by Pass 8), with 100% corruption detection across 240 structural corruption tests and 100% on 15 targeted adversarial attacks. End-to-end evaluation across four constrained routing scenarios confirms zero constraint violations with both routers. We further demonstrate that apparent performance gaps in polar-avoidance scenarios are largely explained by topological reachability ceilings rather than routing quality, and that the LLM compiler outperforms a rule-based baseline by 46.2 percentage points on compositional intents. Our system bridges the semantic gap between operator intent and network configuration while maintaining the safety guarantees required for operational deployment.