SonicDB S6: A Storage-Efficient Verkle Trie for High-Throughput Blockchains

TL;DR

SonicDB S6 introduces a storage-efficient Verkle Trie for high-throughput blockchains, significantly reducing storage and increasing throughput for the Sonic blockchain.

Contribution

It presents SonicDB S6, a Rust-based Verkle Trie database optimized for Sonic's high-frequency environment, with novel storage and computation techniques.

Findings

Reduced live storage by 97.8% using occupancy-aware node specializations.

Archive storage decreased by 95% with delta nodes.

Achieved 3.2× higher throughput than Geth Verkle baseline.

Abstract

The Ethereum state database uses Merkle Patricia Trie (MPT), which suffers from large witness proof sizes and high storage overhead. Verkle Tries have been proposed as a replacement, offering witness proofs below 150 bytes through vector commitments and Inner Product Argument aggregation. However, deploying a Verkle Trie in a high-throughput, short block-time blockchain such as Sonic, which produces a block every 300 milliseconds, introduces substantial engineering challenges related to storage efficiency, commitment computation costs, and the need to serve both live and historical state queries in real time. We present SonicDB S6, a production-grade Rust Verkle Trie database for the Sonic blockchain, which leverages its non-forking property to enable aggressive storage optimizations. Occupancy-aware node specializations, selected via an $\mathcal{O}(k n^2)$ dynamic program, reduce live storage by 97.8\%. Delta nodes that record only changed slots reduce archive storage by 95\%. Batched updates, multi-threaded commitment computation, and homomorphic Pedersen caching yield $3.2\times$ higher throughput than a persistent Geth Verkle baseline while sustaining production block-rate performance.