Quantum state determinability from local marginals is universally robust

TL;DR

This paper proves that the unique determination of quantum states from local measurements remains robust despite experimental errors, with a detailed classification and practical certification methods.

Contribution

It establishes a universal power-law robustness for quantum state determinability from local marginals, including criteria and certification techniques.

Findings

Stabilizer states are inherently square-root robust.

Complete robustness classification for the Dicke family.

Constructed a scalable multipartite entanglement witness.

Abstract

A fundamental problem in quantum physics is to establish whether a multiparticle quantum state can be uniquely determined from its local marginals. In theory, this problem has been addressed in the exact case where the marginals are perfectly known. In practice, however, experiments only have access to finite statistics and therefore can only determine the marginals of a quantum state up to an error. In this Letter, we prove that unique determinability universally survives such local imperfections: specifically, for every uniquely determined state, we show that deviations of local marginals propagate to global states strictly bounded by a power law with exponent $\alpha\in(0,1]$. This result induces a classification of multipartite quantum states by their power-law exponents, with linear scaling $\alpha=1$ as the most favorable regime. We derive a necessary and sufficient criterion for linear robustness and translate it into an executable semidefinite-programming certification. Applying our theory, we prove that stabilizer states are inherently square-root robust and provide a complete robustness classification for the Dicke family. Finally, we exploit these results to construct a scalable two-local genuine multipartite entanglement witness, demonstrating the viability of this framework for broad practical applications.