Phase-Stable Hologram Updates for Large-Scale Neutral-Atom Array Reconfiguration

TL;DR

This paper introduces the WPGS algorithm, a phase-stable hologram update method that enhances large-scale neutral-atom array reconfiguration by reducing transient loss and accelerating hologram generation.

Contribution

The WPGS algorithm enforces inter-frame phase continuity, improving stability and speed of dynamic hologram updates for large-scale Rydberg atom arrays.

Findings

WPGS suppresses transient trap loss during hologram refresh.

Numerical simulations show faster updates with over 1000 traps.

Phase continuity improves robustness and reduces iteration count.

Abstract

Assembling large-scale, defect-free Rydberg atom arrays is a key technology for neutral-atom quantum computation. Dynamic holographic optical tweezers enable the assembly and reconfiguration of such arrays, but phase mismatches between successive holograms can induce destructive interference and transient trap loss during spatial-light-modulator refresh. In this work, we introduce the weighted-projective Gerchberg--Saxton (WPGS) algorithm, a phase-stable approach to dynamic hologram updates for large-scale Rydberg atom-array reconfiguration. By enforcing inter-frame trap-phase continuity while retaining weighted intensity equalization, WPGS suppresses refresh-induced transient degradation. The phase-difference distribution between consecutive holograms further provides a simple diagnostic of transient robustness. Moreover, enforcing the phase constraint reduces the number of iterations required at each update step, thereby accelerating hologram generation. Numerical simulations of 2D and 3D reconfiguration with more than $10^3$ traps, including multilayer assembly and interlayer transport, show robust transient intensities and significantly faster updates than conventional methods. These results establish inter-frame phase continuity as a practical design principle for dynamic holographic control and scalable neutral-atom array reconfiguration.