Light-modulated exchange bias in multiferroic heterostructures

TL;DR

This study demonstrates room-temperature light-induced modulation of exchange bias and magnetization in multiferroic heterostructures, enabling low-power, multistate, wireless opto-magnetic memory functionalities.

Contribution

It introduces optical control of exchange bias in multiferroic heterostructures via photostrictive effects, expanding beyond traditional electric-field methods.

Findings

Light modulates exchange bias and magnetization at room temperature.

Magnetization states correlate with light intensity, enabling multilevel states.

Low light power densities (0.1 W/cm²) are sufficient for control.

Abstract

Magnetic straintronics, the strain-mediated control of magnetic anisotropy, has emerged as a key direction for next-generation energy-efficient technologies. In multiferroic heterostructures, magnetoelectric coupling is typically achieved by applying an electric field on a ferroelectric phase, inducing strain through the converse piezoelectric effect, which is then transferred to the adjacent ferromagnetic phase. As an alternative, strain can be remotely modulated through the photostrictive effect induced by light. While light-driven control of magnetic anisotropy has been explored, optical modulation of more complex phenomena such as exchange bias remains largely unaddressed. Here, we demonstrate significant light-induced modulation of exchange bias and magnetization switching at room temperature in a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN-PZT)/Fe80Ga20(FeGa)/Ir20Mn80(IrMn) multiferroic heterostructure, driven by visible-light-photostriction. The magnetization state correlates with the light intensity, enabling multi-level states with light power densities as low as 0.1 W cm-2. These findings suggest a promising route toward low-power, multistate, and wireless opto-magnetic memory applications.