Direct stroke measurement of Piezos for cavity frequency tuner of the ILC prototype cryomodule using a Laser Displacement Sensor

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel laser displacement sensor method for directly measuring piezoelectric actuator stroke at cryogenic temperatures, crucial for tuning superconducting RF cavities in the ILC project.

Contribution

A new precise measurement technique for piezo stroke at cryogenic temperatures using laser displacement sensors, improving over existing indirect methods.

Findings

Successfully characterized two piezo actuators for the ILC cryomodule

Demonstrated direct measurement of piezo stroke in vacuum at cryogenic temperatures

Validated the method's effectiveness for cavity frequency tuning applications

Abstract

Piezoelectric actuators are critical for achieving high accelerating gradients and preventing RF trips in narrow-bandwidth superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities by compensating for detuning caused by Lorentz force detuning. Depending on the maximum acceleration gradient an appropriate piezo stroke requirement has to be fulfilled. Since the stroke of piezo actuators decreases at cryogenic temperatures, evaluating their performance under such conditions is essential. Common characterization methods either use the SRF cavity itself as a sensor or rely on capacitance measurements during cool-down. Both these approaches do not measure the stroke directly and involve a trade-off between measurement precision and experimental simplicity, as well as cost and time. We developed a new method for the direct and precise measurement of piezo stroke at cryogenic temperature inside a cryocooler-cooled cryostat using a laser displacement sensor. The setup was used to characterize and evaluate two piezo actuators for cavity frequency tuners of the ILC prototype cryomodule, which is currently being built at KEK. In this article we are reporting on the development, setup, test, and application of this novel method, allowing the direct stroke measurement of piezos in vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures.