Advanced Holographic Multi-Antenna Solutions for Global Non-Terrestrial Network Integration in IMT-2030 Systems

TL;DR

This paper advocates for holographic MIMO as an energy-efficient antenna solution for 6G non-terrestrial networks, highlighting its advantages over traditional MIMO and demonstrating its integration in LEO satellite systems.

Contribution

It introduces holographic MIMO as a promising technology for NTN in IMT-2030, emphasizing its reduced power consumption and potential for multi-user communication.

Findings

HMIMO reduces RF chain requirements compared to conventional MIMO.

HMIMO enables beamforming with fewer power-consuming components.

Case study shows HMIMO integration in LEO-based multi-user systems.

Abstract

Sixth-generation (6G) networks are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity across terrestrial and non-terrestrial domains. This will be possible by integrating non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) to extend coverage to underserved areas. Antennas are central to this vision, with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies receiving the most attention due to their ability to exploit spatial multiplexing to improve link capacity and reliability. However, conventional MIMO can consume significant energy, as each antenna element typically requires an independent RF chain. This limitation is particularly critical in non-terrestrial systems, where onboard energy resources are limited. Holographic MIMO (HMIMO) has emerged as a promising alternative in this context. These systems are based on theoretically continuous apertures, where radiation is generated through controlled modulation of surface impedance. This enables beamforming mechanisms with significantly fewer RF chains, reducing power consumption. In this work, we make the case for HMIMO as a suitable candidate for NTN integration within IMT-2030 systems. We discuss its advantages over conventional MIMO and present a case study of HMIMO integration in LEO-based multi-user communication.