All-optical control of nonlinear emission from resonant metasurfaces

TL;DR

This paper presents an ultra-thin metasurface platform enabling dynamic, all-optical reconfiguration of nonlinear emission properties, advancing adaptable nonlinear photonic systems for signal processing and computing.

Contribution

Introducing a contact-less, all-optical control method for reconfiguring nonlinear functionalities in resonant metasurfaces using liquid crystal molecules.

Findings

Achieved tunable polynomial nonlinear transfer functions via third-harmonic generation.

Enabled real-time modulation of nonlinear emission across diffraction orders.

Revealed a new interplay between mode structure and nonlinear emission.

Abstract

Nonlinear optics underpins a broad range of photonic technologies, from classical and quantum light sources to emerging nonlinear photonic neural networks. Yet, conventional nonlinear optical devices exhibit static functionality: their transfer characteristics and emission profiles are dictated by the intrinsic nonlinear process and locked by fabrication, limiting adaptability. Here, we introduce an ultra-thin metasurface platform that enables dynamic reconfiguration of nonlinear functionality in a contact-less fashion. By leveraging all-optical control of the optical torque exerted on liquid crystal molecules infiltrating a resonant metasurface, we achieve tunable polynomial nonlinear transfer functions based on third-harmonic generation process. This mechanism further allows real-time modulation of nonlinear weighting across different diffraction orders, revealing a previously unexplored interplay between mode structure and nonlinear emission. Our approach opens up a pathway toward field-programmable nonlinear photonic systems, offering unprecedented flexibility for reconfigurable nonlinear signal processing and adaptive photonic computing.