A Unified and Economical Approach to Teaching Higher Secondary Electricity Experiments
Sanjoy Kumar Pal, Papun Mondal, Pradipta Panchadhyayee, Anirban Samanta, and Subhash Chandra Samanta

TL;DR
This paper presents a low-cost, homemade apparatus for teaching higher secondary electricity experiments, making physics education more accessible and less intimidating in various educational settings.
Contribution
It introduces the Indigenous Metre Bridge (IMB), a simple, affordable device that enhances practical learning and reduces student apprehension in physics labs.
Findings
IMB effectively bridges theory and practice in electricity experiments.
The apparatus is low-cost and easy to assemble from common materials.
IMB reduces student apprehension and enhances engagement in physics labs.
Abstract
In both rural and urban educational settings, science education is often hindered by limited access to lab resources and intimidating, complex instruments. This paper introduces a low-cost, homemade experimental apparatus built using a mobile charger, nichrome wire, galvanometer, and digital multimeter that enables educators to perform key higher secondary electricity experiments. The Indigenous Metre Bridge (IMB) has proven to be an intuitive, user-friendly tool that not only bridges theoretical and practical learning but also reduces student apprehension toward lab work. Its simplicity and accessibility exemplify how frugal innovation can transform physics education.
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