ITACA revisited: Ion Tracking Apparatus with CMOS ASICs

TL;DR

This paper revisits the ITACA detector concept for neutrinoless double beta decay, proposing a scalable design with CMOS ASIC-based ion detection and a movable ion sensor system to enhance topological event reconstruction.

Contribution

It introduces a conceptual design for a 1-tonne-scale ITACA detector with a novel ion tracking mechanism and CMOS ASIC sensors, improving event imaging capabilities.

Findings

Design supports detection of $0\beta\beta\nu$ half-lives beyond $10^{28}$ years.

Movable ion sensor system retains 95% of drift volume for ion detection.

CMOS ASIC-based ion detector enables real-time 3D ion track imaging.

Abstract

High-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification (HPXeEL) provide detailed topological reconstruction of charged-particle trajectories, offering a distinctive two-electron signature for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\beta\beta\nu$) searches. We have recently proposed ITACA, a detector concept that images both the electron track and the corresponding ion track, carried by the positive ions drifting in the opposite direction. While electrons drift rapidly to the anode for standard EL imaging, the positive ions drift slowly to the cathode with millimetre-scale diffusion, allowing time to determine the event energy and barycenter and to position a movable ion detector at the projected arrival point of the ion cloud. We present a conceptual design of the ITACA detector, addressing key feasibility questions. First, we define the detector geometry and operating parameters for a 1-tonne-scale instrument at 15 bar, including a modular tiled electroluminescent structure. Second, we present the conceptual design of the Magnetically Actuated Rotor System (MARS), the mechanism that positions the ion sensor at any $(r, \theta)$ coordinate below the cathode, and show that the expected movement time is fast enough to retain $\sim95\%$ of the drift volume for ion detection, while not significantly perturbing the gas on the scales of the ion drift. Third, we propose using a Topmetal CMOS ASIC-based ion detector as an alternative to the molecular sensor approach described in our original work, enabling real-time, 3D imaging of the ion track without the need for offline laser scanning. Finally, we estimate the sensitivity of the proposed apparatus, showing that enhanced topological discrimination from the ion track, combined with an ultra-low background design, allows exploration of $0\beta\beta\nu$ half-lives in excess of $10^{28}$ yr.