Parametric Reduced-Order modeling and Closed-Loop Control of Tandem-Cylinder Wakes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a closed-loop control framework using parametric reduced-order modeling and model predictive control to suppress vortex shedding in tandem-cylinder flows, achieving full suppression at moderate Reynolds numbers.

Contribution

It develops a novel reduced-order model and control strategy for vortex shedding suppression in tandem cylinders, extending control capabilities to closed-loop systems with limited sensing.

Findings

Vortex shedding is fully suppressed at Re=50, 60, and 70.

Significant flow unsteadiness reduction at Re=80.

Effective control with minimal sensors at Re=50-70.

Abstract

The flow around two circular cylinders arranged in a tandem exhibits complex wake interactions that lead to amplified unsteady loads, particularly in the co-shedding regime where a fully developed wake forms in the gap between the cylinders. Although various control strategies have been proposed to mitigate these effects, most prior studies have focused primarily on load alleviation. Complete suppression of vortex shedding, both in the gap region and in the wake of the second cylinder, has so far only been achieved using open-loop approaches. In this work, we propose a closed-loop control framework for suppressing vortex shedding in tandem cylinder flows in the co-shedding regime. Focusing on low Reynolds numbers and sufficiently large spacings, we derive a parametric reduced-order model using a global weakly nonlinear analysis of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The model is generalized to account for time dependent forcing and facilitates the real time prediction of the flow evolution. Using this model, we design a model predictive controller and apply it to the full-order system via velocity measurements and volumetric forcing. The approach is demonstrated for a cylinder spacing of eight diameters. Vortex shedding is fully suppressed in both the gap region and the downstream wake for Reynolds numbers $Re=50$, $60$, and $70$, while a significant reduction in flow unsteadiness is achieved at $Re=80$. We further show that effective control is possible with limited sensing: suppression is achieved using a single measurement point for $Re=50$ and two-point measurements for $Re=60$ and $70$.