Search for dark photons at future e$^+$e$^-$ colliders

TL;DR

This paper explores the potential of future e$^+$e$^-$ colliders to detect dark photons via their decay into muon pairs, focusing on the dependency of detection limits on the mixing parameter and mass.

Contribution

It presents a study using fully simulated events to evaluate the sensitivity of future colliders for dark photon detection across various energies.

Findings

Future colliders can effectively search for dark photons with small mixing parameters.

Detection sensitivity depends on the dark photon mass and collider energy.

Low background and high resolution at colliders improve dark photon search prospects.

Abstract

In a class of theories, dark matter is explained by postulating the existence of a `dark sector', which interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter. If this dark sector contains a U(1) symmetry, and a corresponding `dark' photon ($A_{D}$) , it is natural to expect that this particle kineticly mix with the ordinary photon, and hence become a `portal' through which the dark sector can be studied. The strength of the mixing is given by a mixing parameter $(\epsilon)$. This same parameter governs both the production and the decay of the $A_{D}$ back to SM particles, and for values of $\epsilon$ not already excluded, the signal would be a quite small, and quite narrow resonance: If $\epsilon$ is large enough to yield a detectable signal, its decay width will be smaller than the detector resolution, but so large that the decay back to SM particles is prompt. For masses of the dark photon above the reach of Belle II, future high energy e$^+$e$^-$ colliders are ideal for searches for such a signal, due to the low and well-known backgrounds, and the excellent momentum resolution and equally excellent track-finding efficiency of the detectors at such colliders. This contribution will discuss a study investigating the dependency of the limit on the mixing parameter and the mass of the $A_{D}$ using the $A_{D}\rightarrow\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay mode in the presence of standard model background, using fully simulated signal and background events in the ILD detector at the ILC Higgs factory. In addition, a more general discussion about the capabilities expected for generic detectors at e$^+$e$^-$ colliders operating at other energies will be given.