Polyelectrolyte adsorption at the solid-liquid interface favors receding contact line instability

TL;DR

This study visualizes how polyelectrolyte solutions affect the receding contact line of sliding drops, revealing charge-dependent filament formation and instability mechanisms relevant for various applications.

Contribution

First direct visualization of contact line instability caused by polyelectrolyte solutions on sliding drops, highlighting the role of polymer charge and viscoelasticity.

Findings

Viscoelasticity destabilizes the receding contact line, causing filament formation.

Cationic and non-ionic polymers promote filament formation, anionic do not.

Polymer charge influences wetting properties and drop dynamics.

Abstract

Controlling the motion of non-Newtonian drops on surfaces is crucial for applications ranging from inkjet printing to biomedical devices and food processing. While the macroscopic behavior of viscoelastic drops sliding on tilted hydrophobic surfaces has been characterized, showing reduced velocities and elongation compared to Newtonian fluids, the underlying microscopic mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we developed a high-speed, high-resolution reflection microscope that enables direct visualization of the contact line of sliding drops. We used water/soluble polyelectrolyte solutions based on polyacrylamide and let drops sliding on hydrophobic substrates composed of Teflon AF- and PDMS-coated glass slides. The substrate tilting angle was varied between 20{\deg} and 45{\deg}. We reveal how viscoelasticity influences the dynamics of the receding contact line and drop motion. Our experiments demonstrate that viscoelasticity can destabilize the receding contact line, triggering filament formation. This instability previously observed in the coating of thin viscoelastic films, is reported here for the first time in sliding drops. We further highlight the critical role of polymer charge in this process: while cationic and non-ionic polymers promote filament formation, anionic polymers do not, a difference we attribute to the distinct wetting properties of the solutions. In conclusion, we clarify the interplay between rheology, surface interactions, and drop dynamics.