Highly-Parallel Atom-Detection Accelerator for Tweezer-Based Neutral Atom Quantum Computers

TL;DR

This paper presents a highly-parallel FPGA-based atom-detection accelerator for tweezer-based neutral atom quantum computers, significantly reducing image analysis time and enhancing scalability.

Contribution

It introduces an FPGA implementation combining algorithm optimization and hardware design to accelerate atom detection in NAQCs, achieving substantial speedups.

Findings

Analyzes a 256x256 fluorescence image in 115 microseconds.

Achieves 34.9x speedup over CPU baseline.

Maintains resource utilization across various atom array sizes.

Abstract

Neutral atom quantum computers (NAQCs) are among the most promising computational platforms for quantum computing. Controlling and measuring individual atoms and their states, which often requires multiple imaging and image-analysis procedures, is typically the most time-consuming task during computation and contributes significantly to overall cycle times. To resolve this challenge, we propose a highly-parallel atom-detection accelerator for tweezer-based NAQCs. Our design builds on an existing state-reconstruction method and combines an algorithm-level optimization with a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation to maximize parallelism and reduce the run time of the image-analysis process. We identify and overcome several challenges for an FPGA implementation, such as introducing a prefetching mechanism to improve scalability and customizing bus transfers to support large bandwidths. Tested on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA, our design can analyze a 256x256-pixel fluorescence image in just 115mus, achieving 34.9x and 6.3x speedups over the original and optimized CPU baseline, respectively. Moreover, our accelerator can maintain consistent resource utilization across various atom array sizes, contributing to the ongoing efforts toward scalable and fully integrated FPGA-based control systems for NAQCs.