Negative Differential Heat Conductivity in a Harmonic Chain Coupled to a Particle Reservoir

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that negative differential thermal conductivity can occur in a harmonic chain coupled to a specially designed thermal bath, without nonlinear interactions, due to the bath's structure and coupling.

Contribution

It shows that environment structure and coupling can induce negative differential heat conductivity in linear systems, challenging the usual nonlinear explanation.

Findings

Negative differential thermal conductivity observed in the model.

Heat current vanishes as temperature difference diverges.

Effective dissipative coefficient scales inversely with the square of bath temperature.

Abstract

When coupling thermal baths at different temperatures, negative differential thermal conductivity is typically attributed to nonlinear interactions in the connecting medium. In this work, we demonstrate that such an effect can arise purely from the nature of the thermal baths and their coupling with the medium. Specifically, we construct a bath composed of overdamped thermal particles, which is coupled to one end of a harmonic chain, while the other end is connected to a standard Langevin heat bath. By analyzing the steady-state heat current, we observe significant negative differential thermal conductivity. In particular, as the temperature difference between the two baths diverges, the steady-state heat current through the chain vanishes. The effect is thermokinetic: we compute the effective dissipative coefficient and we find that it scales inversely with the square of the temperature of the particle bath in the high-temperature limit, resulting in an asymptotic decoupling between the bath and the chain. Our results highlight that nonequilibrium transport properties can be strongly influenced by the structure of the environment and its coupling to the system, even in otherwise linear systems.