DF-3DRME: A Data-Friendly Learning Framework for 3D Radio Map Estimation based on Super-Resolution Technique

TL;DR

This paper introduces DF-3DRME, a novel framework that efficiently constructs high-resolution 3D radio maps using limited high-res data and super-resolution techniques, reducing data collection efforts.

Contribution

The proposed framework combines low-resolution prediction and super-resolution to achieve high-quality 3D radio maps with minimal high-res training data.

Findings

Achieves high-quality 3D radio map reconstruction with only 4% high-resolution samples.

Uses a two-stage neural network approach for coarse prediction and super-resolution.

Significantly reduces data acquisition overhead for practical deployment.

Abstract

High-Resolution three-dimensional (3D) radio maps (RMs) provide rich information about the radio landscape that is essential to a myriad of wireless applications in the future wireless networks. Although deep learning (DL) methods have shown their effectiveness in RM construction, existing approaches require massive high-resolution 3D RM samples in the training dataset, the acquisition of which is labor-intensive and time-consuming in practice. In this paper, our goal is to devise a data-friendly high-resolution 3D RM construction solution via training over a hybrid dataset, wherein the RMs associated with a small fraction of environment maps (EMs) are of high-resolution, while those corresponding to the majority of EMs are of low-resolution. To this end, we propose a Data-Friendly 3D Radio Map Estimator (DF-3DRME), which comprises two processing stages. Specifically, in the first stage, we leverage the abundant low-resolution 3D RM samples to train a neural network, termed the LR-Net, for predicting the low-resolution 3D RM from the input EM, which provides a coarse characterization of the spatial radio propagation. In the second stage, we employ an advanced super-resolution network, termed the SR-Net, to upscale the predicted low-resolution 3D RM to its high-resolution counterpart. Unlike the LR-Net, the SR-Net can be effectively trained with only the limited high-resolution 3D RM samples available in the hybrid dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves compelling reconstruction performance with only 4% of the EMs in the dataset having high-resolution 3D RM labels, which significantly reduces data acquisition overhead and facilitates practical deployment.