Noise Inference by Recycling Test Rounds in Verification Protocols

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in quantum verification protocols with quantum communication, test rounds can be recycled to continuously monitor noise, reducing overhead and enhancing protocol versatility.

Contribution

It introduces a method to recycle test rounds in quantum verification protocols to monitor noise, improving efficiency and potential for early quantum machine integration.

Findings

Test rounds data can be recycled for noise monitoring.

Recycling reduces the overhead in quantum verification protocols.

Protocols become more versatile with test round recycling.

Abstract

Interactive verification protocols for quantum computations allow to build trust between a client and a service provider, ensuring the former that the instructed computation was carried out faithfully. They come in two variants, one without quantum communication that requires large overhead on the server side to coherently implement quantum-resistant cryptographic primitives, and one with quantum communication but with repetition as the only overhead on the service provider's side. Given the limited number of available qubits on current machines, only quantum communication-based protocols have yielded proof of concepts. In this work, we show that the repetition overhead of protocols with quantum communication can be further mitigated if one examines the task of operating a quantum machine from the service provider's point of view. Indeed, we show that the test rounds data, whose collection is necessary to provide security, can indeed be recycled to perform continuous monitoring of noise model parameters for the service provider. This exemplifies the versatility of these protocols, whose template can serve multiple purposes and increases the interest in considering their early integration into development roadmaps of quantum machines.