Gap edge eigenpairs from density matrix purification using moments of the Dirac distribution

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple, efficient method to extract eigenstates at band gap edges using density matrix purification and moments of the Dirac distribution, applicable to electronic spectra.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach combining density matrix purification with moment decomposition to accurately resolve gap edge eigenpairs, even in degenerate cases.

Findings

Method requires no more than a dozen matrix multiplications.

Effective in resolving eigenstates at band edges in benchmark molecules.

Compatible with existing electronic structure codes using Fermi operator expansion.

Abstract

In this work, we propose a simple method to resolve the eigenstates located at the band gap edges of an electronic eigenspectrum using only the quasi-purified one-particle density matrix as input. The theoretical framework relies on the decomposition of the occupation number variance into a particle and hole moment. These moments, when purified using power narrowing iterations, allow to isolate the higher occupied and lower unoccupied single state projectors, giving readily access to the corresponding eigenpairs. We demonstrate that when degeneracy is encountered, power narrowing remains able to deliver relevant mixed states. From a benchmark of selected molecules, we show that the method is robust and efficient since it requires no more that a dozen of matrix-matrix multiplications at worst. The possibility of reducing the computational cost using Lanczos subspace approach is discussed. The very low algorithmic complexity of power narrowing makes it very easy to implement in electronic structure codes or libraries already featuring Fermi operator expansion or density matrix purifications.