Hadron Structure from lattice QCD in the context of the Electron-Ion Collider

TL;DR

Recent advances in lattice QCD enable detailed calculations of hadron structure, providing valuable insights for the Electron-Ion Collider's experimental program.

Contribution

The paper reviews recent lattice QCD results on hadron structure that are directly relevant to the EIC scientific agenda, emphasizing pion, kaon, and nucleon studies.

Findings

High-precision calculations of charges and form factors

Access to generalized parton distributions and transverse-momentum-dependent distributions

Insights into the internal structure of hadrons

Abstract

Hadron structure calculations using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) have advanced significantly in recent years. Results for charges, form factors, and lower Mellin moments can be obtained to high precision, generalized parton distributions can now be computed either directly or reconstructed from moments, and transverse-momentum-dependent distributions can be accessed through direct lattice calculations. Together, these quantities provide detailed and complementary insights into the internal structure of hadrons. These theoretical developments are highly relevant to the experimental program of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) and of other facilities. We review the most pertinent lattice QCD results for hadron structure that inform the EIC scientific agenda, with particular emphasis on the pion, kaon, and nucleon.