Acoustic Black Hole Damper for Thermoacoustic Instability Control in a Hydrogen Combustor

TL;DR

This study explores perforated acoustic black holes as broadband passive dampers to mitigate thermoacoustic instabilities in hydrogen combustors, demonstrating significant pressure oscillation reduction across various conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel broadband damper design using perforated ABHs, validated through experiments and modeling, for improved thermoacoustic instability control.

Findings

ABH dampers significantly reduce acoustic pressure oscillations.

The reduced-order model accurately predicts damper performance.

Optimized ABH design achieves broadband dissipation from 500-2000 Hz.

Abstract

Thermoacoustic instabilities remain a major challenge in the operation and development of modern gas turbine combustors for power generation and propulsion. In laboratory environments, such instabilities can also hinder the accurate characterization of key thermoacoustic properties of the flames. Many modern combustors therefore employ wall-mounted acoustic dampers, such as Helmholtz or quarter-wave resonators; however, these devices are typically effective only over narrow frequency ranges. In this study, the application of perforated acoustic black holes (ABHs) as broadband passive dampers for thermoacoustic instability mitigation is investigated. Several ABH designs are additively manufactured and experimentally characterized through scattering matrix measurements. A reduced-order model based on the transfer matrix method is developed and is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Using this validated model, a damper design is optimized to maximize acoustic dissipation over the frequency range 500-2000 Hz. The optimized perforated ABH damper is installed in the plenum section of the combustor test rig, and its thermoacoustic performance is evaluated over a range of equivalence ratios and outlet boundary conditions. Across all operating conditions considered, the ABH damper leads to a substantial reduction of the amplitude of the acoustic pressure oscillations. These results demonstrate the potential of perforated ABH-based dampers as a robust and broadband passive solution for mitigating thermoacoustic instabilities in hydrogen-fueled combustors.