iBEAMS: A Unified Framework for Secure and Energy-Efficient ISAC-MIMO Systems leveraging Bayesian Enhanced learning, and Adaptive Game-Theoretic Multi-Layer Strategies

TL;DR

iBEAMS is a hierarchical framework that enhances secure, energy-efficient ISAC-MIMO systems by integrating Bayesian learning and game-theoretic strategies to counter eavesdroppers in mmWave and THz bands.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel unified hierarchical framework combining Stackelberg, GNE, and Bayesian methods for secure and energy-efficient ISAC with distributed hybrid nodes.

Findings

Achieves 4.4--4.7 bps/Hz average secrecy rate.

Doubles Secrecy Energy Efficiency compared to baseline.

Maintains zero outage at 28 GHz.

Abstract

Next generation ISAC networks operating in the mmWave and THz bands must provide physical layer secrecy against potential eavesdroppers (mobile and static) while coordinating distributed hybrid edge nodes under stringent power and QoS constraints. However, these requirements are rarely addressed in a unified manner in existing ISAC physical layer security designs. This paper proposes iBEAMS, a hierarchical Stackelberg--GNE--Bayesian framework for secure and energy efficient ISAC with distributed hybrid nodes. The proposed architecture integrates: (i) a Stackelberg leader at the ISAC base station that jointly optimizes total transmit power, power splitting among confidential data, artificial noise, and sensing, and broadcasts incentive prices to shape follower utilities; (ii) a Generalized Nash Equilibrium Game in which hybrid nodes select transmit powers and transmission versus jamming roles under coupled interference constraints and base-station-imposed leakage penalties; and (iii) a Bayesian cooperative refinement layer that forms geometry-aware jamming coalitions aligned with the posterior distribution of the eavesdropper's Angle of Arrival. Simulations over carrier frequencies from 28 GHz to 3 THz demonstrate hierarchical convergence of both base station and hybrid node decisions with stable cooperative friendly jamming. iBEAMS attains approximately 4.4--4.7 bps/Hz average secrecy rate, achieves about $2\times$ higher Secrecy Energy Efficiency (SEE), and delivers 30--70% higher SEE than a Stackelberg-decision-based baseline, while maintaining zero outage at 28 GHz. Moreover, the posterior-aligned jamming remains sharply directive and resilient under mobile eavesdroppers and increasing adversary density, indicating that iBEAMS can simultaneously act against static and mobile adversaries while coordinating hybrid edge nodes under limited power and QoS constraints.