A 64-Spin All-to-All CMOS Ising Machine with Landscape Perturbation Achieving 2.28 nJ/Edge-Bit Energy-to-Solution

TL;DR

This paper presents a 64-spin CMOS Ising machine with landscape perturbation that achieves low energy-to-solution and improved solution quality through continuous programming refresh.

Contribution

It introduces a CMOS implementation of an all-to-all coupled Ising machine with landscape perturbation for enhanced solution success.

Findings

Achieves 2.28 nJ/edge-bit energy-to-solution.

Supports 31 coefficient levels in a compact 0.943 mm2 chip.

Landscape perturbation improves solution success rate.

Abstract

A 64-spin all-to-all current-mode coupling Ising machine is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. The design supports 31 coefficient levels in 0.943 mm2 and achieves Energy-to-Solution (ETS) of 2.28 nJ/edge-bit. Continuous programming refresh not only mitigates leakage but also provides a mechanism for deterministic energy landscape perturbation, which consistently improves solution quality with higher success rate compared to operation without landscape perturbation.