Linking Electromagnetic Moments to Nuclear Interactions with a Global Physics-Driven Machine-Learning Emulator

TL;DR

This paper introduces a physics-constrained machine-learning emulator that links nuclear electromagnetic moments to specific components of chiral nuclear forces, revealing their isotope-dependent sensitivities and potential for guiding future measurements.

Contribution

The study develops a global emulator that accounts for parameter correlations, connecting electromagnetic moments to nuclear interaction components in a novel, quantitative way.

Findings

Electromagnetic moments probe spin and isospin sectors of nuclear interactions.

Electromagnetic moments show isotope-dependent sensitivity unlike bulk observables.

The emulator provides uncertainty-quantified predictions for challenging measurements.

Abstract

Understanding how specific components of the nuclear interaction shape observable properties of atomic nuclei remains a central challenge in nuclear structure research. While previous studies have focused on bulk observables such as nuclear energies and charge radii, it is unclear how distinct operator components of nuclear interactions impact complementary observables such as nuclear electromagnetic moments. Here, we develop a global, physics-constrained emulator to establish a quantitative link between electromagnetic moments and components of chiral nuclear forces. Unlike traditional sensitivity analyses that vary low-energy constants independently, we quantify parameter contributions while accounting for correlations within the physically supported parameter manifold. We show that, unlike bulk observables, electromagnetic moments probe complementary spin and isospin sectors of the interaction and exhibit a pronounced isotope-dependent sensitivity. These developments enable a quantitative assessment of the importance of prospective measurements, providing predictions with quantified uncertainties for observables that may be beyond the current experimental reach.