Simon's knot genus problem and Lewin $3$-manifold groups

TL;DR

This paper proves a conjecture relating knot group epimorphisms to genus inequalities, confirming a broader conjecture about 3-manifold groups and their algebraic properties.

Contribution

It establishes that locally indicable 3-manifold groups are Lewin groups, confirming a conjecture of Jaikin-Zapirain and resolving Friedl and Lück's conjecture.

Findings

Proved that epimorphisms between knot groups imply genus inequalities.

Confirmed that locally indicable 3-manifold groups are Lewin groups.

Showed certain crossed products are pseudo-Sylvester domains.

Abstract

We provide a positive answer to an old problem of Jonathan K. Simon: if $K$ and $K'$ are two knots such that there is an epimorphism from the knot group of $K$ to the knot group of $K'$, then the genus of $K$ is greater than or equal to the genus of $K'$. We achieve this by proving a conjecture of Friedl and L\"uck, which states that the existence of a map between admissible $3$-manifolds that induces an epimorphism on the fundamental groups and an isomorphism on the rational homologies yields an inequality of Thurston norms. We resolve Friedl and L\"uck's conjecture by showing that locally indicable $3$-manifold groups are Lewin groups, which confirms another conjecture of Jaikin-Zapirain within the class of $3$-manifold groups. As a further consequence of our methods, we show that the crossed product of a division ring and a torsion-free $3$-manifold group that is virtually free-by-cyclic is a pseudo-Sylvester domain.