Mean-field theory of the Stribeck effect

TL;DR

This paper develops a mean-field elastohydrodynamic model to analyze frictional transitions along the Stribeck curve for rough elastic contacts lubricated by Newtonian fluids, revealing key parameters and regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal coupled contact mechanics and lubrication model with asymptotic analysis, extending the classical Stribeck curve to a multidimensional phase diagram.

Findings

Friction behavior characterized by three dimensionless parameters: speed, load, roughness.

High-speed friction decomposes into viscous and residual contact contributions.

Transition criteria between boundary, mixed, and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes derived.

Abstract

We present a theoretical analysis of frictional transitions along the Stribeck curve for rough elastic contacts lubricated by a Newtonian fluid. Building on the mean-field framework of Persson and Scaraggi (J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 (2009) 185002), we formulate a minimal elastohydrodynamic model that couples contact mechanics and lubrication through a homogenized pressure decomposition. Dimensional analysis reveals three independent dimensionless parameters governing the frictional response, which correspond to a dimensionless speed, normal load, and surface roughness. Using asymptotic expansions, we first characterize the boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes, which arise naturally as the quasistatic and smooth-surface limits of the model. In both limits, the contact morphology converges toward Hertzian contact in the regime of large elastic deformation, with boundary layers regularizing the separation profile at the edge of the contact zone. We then analyze the mixed lubrication regime and derive asymptotic expressions for the friction coefficient in the low- and high-speed limits. At high speeds, friction decomposes into a viscous contribution and a residual contact term, leading to a roughness- and load-dependent criterion for the transition to hydrodynamic lubrication that departs from constant-{\Lambda} ratio theories. At low speeds, friction reduction results from the progressive redistribution of the applied load between asperity contact and hydrodynamic pressure, yielding a characteristic transition speed from boundary to mixed lubrication. These results are summarized in a phase diagram that generalizes the classical Stribeck curve to a multidimensional parameter space.