Energy Transport and Heating by Non-Thermal Electrons in a Turbulent Solar Flare Environment

TL;DR

This paper develops analytic models for electron transport in turbulent solar flares, revealing turbulence significantly alters plasma heating and electron distribution, impacting flare observations and models.

Contribution

It introduces new analytic solutions for electron flux and energy deposition considering turbulent scattering, extending previous collisional models.

Findings

Turbulent scattering can increase coronal heating by an order of magnitude.

Turbulence reduces chromospheric heating and electron anisotropy.

Return-current Ohmic heating becomes negligible compared to collisional heating.

Abstract

The impulsive phase of a solar flare is known to generate strong turbulence and to transfer magnetic energy into accelerated electrons. Recognizing the importance of angular diffusion on the dynamics of the accelerated electrons, we extend previous treatments by deriving analytic solutions for the electron flux and associated energy deposition in two regimes: scattering dominated by inelastic Coulomb collisions and scattering dominated by elastic interactions with turbulent scattering centers. We show that the turbulence-dominated scattering term strongly reshapes the spatial distribution of the plasma heating: compared to the traditional collisional thick-target approach, turbulent scattering could lead to an order-of-magnitude increase in coronal heating and an even greater suppression of chromospheric heating. Scattering also acts to reduce the anisotropy of the electron distribution and so reduces the net current associated with the nonthermal electrons. The return-current Ohmic heating is accordingly reduced to a level that renders it negligible compared to direct collisional heating. The results have significant implications for models of atmospheric response to impulsive phase energy release, in particular chromospheric evaporation, flare-driven coronal heating, the formation of loop-top hard X-ray sources, and the longstanding discrepancy between modeled and observed soft X-ray line profiles.