Challenges and opportunities for AI to help deliver fusion energy

TL;DR

This paper discusses the potential and challenges of applying AI in fusion energy research, emphasizing the need for responsible methodologies and collaboration among experts.

Contribution

It provides an updated summary of expert discussions on AI's role in fusion energy R&D, highlighting challenges and opportunities.

Findings

AI can significantly aid fusion research if challenges are addressed.

Collaborations between fusion experts and AI developers are crucial.

Responsible AI methodologies are essential for progress.

Abstract

There is great potential for the application of AI tools in fusion research, and substantial worldwide benefit if fusion power is realised. However, using AI comes with its own challenges, many of which can be mitigated if responsible and robust methodologies are built into existing approaches. To do that requires close, long-term collaborations between fusion domain experts and AI developers and awareness of the fact that not all problems in fusion research are best tackled with AI tools. In April 2025, experts from academia, industry, UKAEA and STFC discussed how AI can be used to advance R&D in fusion energy at the first edition of The Economist FusionFest event. This Perspective is an expanded and updated summary of the round table discussion, providing more context and examples.