Marchuk: Efficient Global Weather Forecasting from Mid-Range to Sub-Seasonal Scales via Flow Matching

TL;DR

Marchuk introduces a generative flow-matching model for global weather forecasting that efficiently predicts up to 30 days ahead, outperforming larger models in speed while maintaining high accuracy.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel latent flow-matching approach with enhanced temporal modeling for subseasonal weather prediction, achieving high efficiency and competitive accuracy.

Findings

Achieves comparable performance to larger models with fewer parameters.

Operates at significantly higher inference speeds.

Effective long-range temporal dependency modeling.

Abstract

Accurate subseasonal weather forecasting remains a major challenge due to the inherently chaotic nature of the atmosphere, which limits the predictive skill of conventional models beyond the mid-range horizon (approximately 15 days). In this work, we present \textit{Marchuk}, a generative latent flow-matching model for global weather forecasting spanning mid-range to subseasonal timescales, with prediction horizons of up to 30 days. Marchuk conditions on current-day weather maps and autoregressively predicts subsequent days' weather maps within the learned latent space. We replace rotary positional encodings (RoPE) with trainable positional embeddings and extend the temporal context window, which together enhance the model's ability to represent and propagate long-range temporal dependencies during latent forecasting. Marchuk offers two key advantages: high computational efficiency and strong predictive performance. Despite its compact architecture of only 276 million parameters, the model achieves performance comparable to LaDCast, a substantially larger model with 1.6 billion parameters, while operating at significantly higher inference speeds. We open-source our inference code and model at: https://v-gen-ai.github.io/Marchuk/