UniScale: Synergistic Entire Space Data and Model Scaling for Search Ranking

TL;DR

UniScale introduces a co-designed framework that jointly optimizes data and model architecture, significantly enhancing search ranking performance by leveraging entire space data and a novel architecture.

Contribution

The paper presents UniScale, a novel co-design framework combining data scaling and architecture design to improve search ranking beyond traditional model scaling methods.

Findings

Achieved 1.70% increase in purchase rate in online A/B tests.

Realized 2.04% GMV improvement in e-commerce search platform.

Demonstrated that joint data-architecture scaling surpasses performance of structure-only tuning.

Abstract

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have inspired a surge of scaling law research in industrial search, advertising, and recommendation systems. However, existing approaches focus mainly on architectural improvements, overlooking the critical synergy between data and architecture design. We observe that scaling model parameters alone exhibits diminishing returns, i.e., the marginal gain in performance steadily declines as model size increases, and that the performance degradation caused by complex heterogeneous data distributions is often irrecoverable through model design alone. In this paper, we propose UniScale to address these limitations, a novel co-design framework that jointly optimizes data and architecture to unlock the full potential of model scaling, which includes two core parts: (1) ES$^3$ (Entire-Space Sample System), a high-quality data scaling system that expands the training signal beyond conventional sampling strategies from both intra-domain request contexts with global supervised signal constructed by hierarchical label attribution and cross-domain samples aligning with the essence of user decision under similar content exposure environment in search domain; and (2) HHSFT (Heterogeneous Hierarchical Sample Fusion Transformer), a novel architecture designed to effectively model the complex heterogeneous distribution of scaled data and to harness the entire space user behavior data with Heterogeneous Hierarchical Feature Interaction and Entire Space User Interest Fusion, thereby surpassing the performance ceiling of structure-only model tuning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UniScale achieves significant improvements through the synergistic co-design of data and architecture and exhibits scaling trends. Online A/B tests on a real-world e-commerce search platform further show gains of 1.70% in purchase and 2.04% in Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV).