Efficient Many-Body Shadow Metrology via Clifford Lensing

TL;DR

This paper introduces Clifford lensing, a method using Clifford operations to localize phase information in many-body quantum systems, enhancing quantum sensing and measurement efficiency.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach called Clifford lensing that coherently refocuses distributed phase information onto fewer degrees of freedom in many-body quantum systems.

Findings

Demonstrated optimal sensing in liquid-state NMR with up to 15 qubits.

Established a link between quantum error correction and interferometry for phase localization.

Developed partial shadow tomography protocols for subsystem phase estimation.

Abstract

Quantum probes that enable enhanced exploration and characterization of complex systems are central to modern science, spanning applications from biology to astrophysics and chemical design. In large many-body quantum systems, interactions delocalize phase information across many degrees of freedom, dispersing it away from accessible measurements and limiting the scalability of quantum metrology. Here we show that experimentally accessible Clifford operations acting jointly on quantum states and observables can refocus this distributed information. These operations implement what we term {\it Clifford lensing}--transformations that coherently localize phase information onto a reduced set of degrees of freedom, mapping optimal measurements onto observables of reduced Pauli weight. We establish a correspondence between quantum error-correcting codes and interferometric constructions that enforce deterministic phase kickback, and generalize this to circuits that concentrate many-body phase information onto a controllable subset of qubits. We further develop partial shadow tomography protocols for estimating subsystem-supported phases. We experimentally demonstrate these principles in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance systems of up to fifteen qubits, achieving optimal sensing with constrained resources. Our results establish a scalable route to coherent control of information flow in interacting quantum systems, enabling many-body quantum sensing and multimode interferometry across complex architectures.