Array Layout Optimization in a 24-Element 38-GHz Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging System

TL;DR

This paper explores how different array configurations affect image quality in a 38-GHz active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging system, demonstrating optimized arrays enhance reconstruction fidelity and sampling efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces optimized array design strategies for AIM systems, improving spatial sampling and image reconstruction over traditional circular arrays.

Findings

Optimized arrays increase spatial sampling efficiency.

Enhanced image quality with higher SSIM and lower PSL.

Experimental validation confirms benefits of array optimization.

Abstract

Active incoherent millimeter-wave (AIM) imaging is a recently developed technique that has been shown to generate fast millimeter-wave imaging using sparse apertures and Fourier domain sampling. In these systems, spatial frequency sampling is determined by cross-correlation between antenna pairs, making array geometry an important aspect that dictates the field of view (FOV) and image quality. This work investigates the impact of array redundancy and spatial sampling diversity on AIM image reconstruction performance. We present a comparative study of three receive array configurations, including one simple circular design and two arrays obtained through optimization strategies designed to maximize unique spatial samples while preserving system resolution and FOV. Performance is evaluated using the image-domain metrics of structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak sidelobe level (PSL), enabling a quantitative assessment of reconstruction fidelity and artifact suppression. We perform experimental validation using a 38-GHz AIM imaging system, implementing a 24-element receive array within a 48-position reconfigurable aperture. Results demonstrate that optimized array configurations improve spatial sampling efficiency and yield measurable gains in reconstruction quality compared to a conventional circular array, highlighting the importance of array design for AIM imaging systems.