The relief distribution problem with trucks and drones under incomplete demand information

TL;DR

This paper investigates an emergency relief distribution problem where trucks deliver supplies guided by surveillance drones under uncertain demand, analyzing policies to optimize response time and drone impact.

Contribution

It introduces the relief distribution problem with drones, providing theoretical analysis and computational evaluation of policies under demand uncertainty.

Findings

Drones significantly improve relief delivery efficiency.

Optimal policies depend on the drone impact and demand uncertainty.

Theoretical bounds on policy performance are established.

Abstract

Disaster relief operations often take place under uncertainty regarding the extent of damage across locations. In this paper, we study the delivery of relief aid in the aftermath of disasters when delivery vehicles are assisted by surveillance drones and the demand for relief supplies is initially unknown. We introduce a stylized problem that arises in many emergency supply delivery settings -- the relief distribution problem (RDP). In RDP, emergency vehicles, referred to as trucks, must distribute relief supplies on a network, starting from the depot to potential delivery locations, whose demand is initially unknown. The trucks are assisted by surveillance drones, which cannot deliver relief supplies, but scout delivery locations to see whether relief supplies are needed or not. The objective is to visit all location by any vehicle, deliver supplies to all damaged ones, and minimizing the completion time of the relief operation. We study two natural policies for the online problem RDP which we evaluate in two ways: the competitive ratio quantifies the performance in comparison to an optimal solution obtained under full information on damages, the drone-impact is the ratio of the algorithm's performance to the best outcome achievable without drones. Through theoretical analysis and computational experiments, we characterize the operational trade-offs between these policies and derive insights for the effective deployment of drones in disaster response.