Automated Extraction of Collins-Soper Kernel from Lattice QCD using An Autonomous AI Physicist System

TL;DR

This paper introduces PhysMaster, an autonomous AI system that automates complex lattice QCD analyses, significantly reducing time and improving stability in extracting the Collins-Soper kernel, demonstrating effective physicist-AI collaboration.

Contribution

The work presents a fully autonomous AI framework for lattice QCD analysis, automating multiple complex steps and achieving results comparable to traditional methods with much greater efficiency.

Findings

Workflow time reduced from months to hours

Stable signals in large transverse separation region

Results consistent with perturbative QCD and traditional lattice calculations

Abstract

We employ {PhysMaster}, an autonomous agentic AI system integrating theoretical reasoning, numerical computation, and exploitation strategies towards ultra-long horizon automation, to tackle long-standing challenges in non-perturbative lattice analyzes, including low signal-to-noise ratio at large transverse separation, complex systematic uncertainties, and labor-intensive manual workflows. Using the extraction of the CS kernel from quasi-transverse-momentum-dependent wave functions (quasi-TMDWFs) via large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) as a showcase, we demonstrate that \textsc{PhysMaster} automates high-dimensional fitting, renormalization, continuum-chiral extrapolation, and non-perturbative reconstruction in a fully autonomous manner. This framework drastically reduces the duration of the workflow from months to hours without compromising precision, stabilizes signals in the large-$b_\perp$ region to $1~\rm fm$, and produces results consistent with perturbative QCD and state-of-the-art traditional lattice calculations. This work validates the effectiveness of physicist-AI collaboration for first-principles QCD research and establishes a generalizable, reproducible paradigm for automated studies of parton structure and other non-perturbative observables from lattice QCD.