Superbunched random fiber laser

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fully fiber-integrated superbunched random fiber laser that produces highly tunable photon bunching, linking photon statistics with phase transitions, and demonstrates its application in high-fidelity temporal ghost imaging.

Contribution

It presents a novel fiber laser platform that achieves extreme photon bunching and connects photon statistics with phase transitions, enabling advanced quantum optics applications.

Findings

Generated multi-wavelength comb with tunable g(2)(0) from ~1 to ~26

Established correlation between photon superbunching and phase transitions

Demonstrated high-fidelity temporal ghost imaging with reduced ensemble averaging

Abstract

Photon superbunching, distinguished by second-order coherence values far exceeding the Gaussian thermal limit, represents a highly desirable resource for quantum optics and correlation-based imaging technologies. However, existing approaches typically rely on fragile experimental platforms, inefficient nonlinear conversion processes, or mechanically complex optical architectures. Here, we demonstrate a fully fiber-integrated superbunched random fiber laser (SRFL) in which intrinsic Rayleigh scattering cooperatively interacts with cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering and quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing to tailor extreme photon statistics. The SRFL generates a multi-wavelength comb, in which individual spectral components exhibit widely tunable photon bunching, with the second-order coherence g(2)(0) continuously controlled from ~1 to ~26 by tuning the pump power, spectral order and diffusion length. Moreover, we establish a direct correlation between photonic phase transitions (quantified by the Parisi overlap order parameter) and the emergence of superbunching, thereby bridging macroscopic disorder physics and microscopic photon statistics. Finally, we employ the superbunched emission for temporal ghost imaging, realizing high-fidelity temporal object reconstruction with a substantial reduction in required ensemble averaging. These findings validate random fiber lasers as a robust, scalable, and integrated platform for generating extreme photon statistics and unlock new avenues for correlation-enhanced photonic sensing and quantum optics investigations in complex photonic systems.