Asymmetric Dynamics of Partisan Warriors in YouTube Comments
Keyeun Lee, Sang Jung Kim

TL;DR
This study examines the behavior of partisan warriors on YouTube, revealing that they often engage in hostile attacks across ideological lines without being less civil, and that audience reactions and channel environment influence this behavior.
Contribution
It introduces the concept of partisan warriors, analyzes their prevalence and behavior on YouTube, and highlights the structural and audience-driven factors influencing partisan hostility.
Findings
Partisan warriors are more common in conservative channels.
Audience reactions differ by ideology, rewarding hostility in conservative spaces.
Channel-level factors drive partisan warrior participation.
Abstract
Cross-cutting commenting on social media is often imagined as a path to deliberation, yet exposure to opposing views frequently fuels hostility. To explain this dynamic, we introduce the concept of partisan warriors--commenters who cross ideological lines primarily to launch uncivil attacks against out-partisans. We analyze a large corpus of YouTube comments (N= 1,854,320) surrounding the 2024 U.S. second presidential debate. After filtering for toxicity and active participation, we use large language models to identify attack targets and operationalize partisan warrior behavior. Our analysis highlights four dynamics. First, cross-cutting commenters do not exhibit greater civility than those who remain within their ideological camps (RQ1). Second, audience reactions diverge by ideology: conservative audiences tended to reward hostile attacks on out-group leaders, whereas liberal…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSocial Media and Politics · Misinformation and Its Impacts · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
