Nonlinear Electro-Optic Visible Photonic Circuits for Solid-State Quantum Defects

TL;DR

This paper presents a monolithic lithium niobate platform that combines efficient visible light generation with high-speed electro-optic modulation, enabling advanced control of quantum defects for scalable quantum networks.

Contribution

It demonstrates a novel integrated device that achieves both nonlinear frequency conversion and GHz-bandwidth electro-optic switching on a single chip, advancing quantum photonic technology.

Findings

Green-light power exceeds 1 mW with high extinction ratio

Enables coherent control and lifetime measurements of NV centers

Validated through ODMR, Rabi oscillations, and Ramsey interference

Abstract

Integrated visible photonic engines for solid-state quantum defects provide a foundation for scalable quantum networks. While miniaturization is advancing, active manipulation remains limited by the difficulty of achieving simultaneous milliwatt-scale visible light generation and high-contrast modulation. Despite extensive efforts, the concurrent chip-scale realization of nonlinear frequency conversion and fast temporal gating for high-fidelity quantum control has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a monolithic thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform integrating periodically poled frequency conversion with GHz-bandwidth electro-optic (EO) switching. The device delivers off-chip green-light power exceeding 1 mW with an extinction ratio (ER) of 42.2 dB, enabling coherent spin control and time-resolved lifetime measurements of individual nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond through nanosecond gating. System performance is validated through pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), Rabi oscillations, and Ramsey interference, supported by time-tagged photon counting with nanosecond resolution. By unifying sufficient nonlinear light generation with high-speed active manipulation, this platform establishes a scalable framework for the realization of high-rate quantum communication nodes.