Multimessenger Concordance for the Cygnus Region as the Source of the Cosmic-Ray Knee

TL;DR

This paper proposes that the cosmic-ray knee may originate from the Cygnus region, supported by multimessenger observations including gamma rays and neutrinos, challenging the standard local CR distribution interpretation.

Contribution

It introduces a multimessenger approach linking cosmic rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos to identify the Cygnus region as a potential PeVatron source of the CR knee.

Findings

Identification of an additional gamma-ray component in the Cygnus region

Consistency with the PeVatron candidate detected by LHAASO

Alignment with the Galactic neutrino flux observed by IceCube

Abstract

The origin of the cosmic-ray (CR) knee remains one of the central open questions in particle astrophysics. Recent measurements by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory revealed a pronounced feature in the proton spectrum at $\sim3-4$~PeV, while observations of diffuse gamma rays above $100$~TeV do not exhibit a corresponding spectral break. This apparent discrepancy challenges the standard interpretation, in which the local CR distribution is representative of the Galactic CR sea. Here, we investigate whether the CR knee can instead originate from the Cygnus region as a nearby PeVatron. By combining CR measurements at Earth with very-high-energy gamma-ray observations from LHAASO and the Tibet-AS$\gamma$ experiment, we identify an additional hard gamma-ray component in the inner Galaxy consistent with a source located in the Cygnus region. We show that our results provide a concordance multimessenger picture. The required properties are compatible with the PeVatron candidate detected by LHAASO in the Cygnus bubble and with the Galactic neutrino flux observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.