On $U$-unitary Cayley graphs over finite rings

TL;DR

This paper extends the study of $U$-unitary Cayley graphs from finite commutative rings to non-commutative rings, especially matrix rings over finite fields, analyzing their spectral properties and state transfer capabilities.

Contribution

It generalizes the spectral analysis of $U$-unitary Cayley graphs to non-commutative rings, providing new insights into their structure and quantum information transfer properties.

Findings

Spectral description via supercharacter theory for these graphs.

GCD-graphs over matrix rings lack perfect state transfer.

Abstract

Graphs defined over a finite ring are well-studied in the literature. Due to their nature, these types of graphs connect several branches of mathematics, including algebra, number theory, matrix theory, and representation theory. In recent work, we studied $U$-unitary Cayley graphs over a finite commutative ring, which unifies several constructions of graphs with arithmetic origins. Among various structural graph-theoretic results on these graphs--such as their connectedness, primeness, and bipartiteness--we show that their spectra can be described via a certain supercharacter theory. Utilizing this spectral description, we are able to find some classes of gcd-graphs that possess perfect state transfer. In this article, we generalize this study to finite non-commutative rings, with a special focus on the case of the matrix rings with coefficients in a finite field. We show, in particular, that gcd-graphs over these matrix rings have no perfect state transfer.