Infrared Corrections and Horizon Phase Transitions in Kaniadakis-Based Holographic Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper explores how Kaniadakis entropy modifies holographic dark energy, revealing unique phase transitions and thermodynamic behaviors, and tests its consistency with cosmological observations.

Contribution

It introduces a Kaniadakis-based holographic dark energy model with novel thermodynamic phase transition analysis and observational viability assessment.

Findings

Identifies Van der Waals type phase transition in the model

Discovers unstable thermodynamic branches with swallowtail behavior

Shows the model's consistency with cosmological data

Abstract

We study the cosmological and thermodynamic implications of holographic dark energy derived from the Kaniadakis deformation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Within a spatially flat FLRW background, the generalized entropy leads to an effective dark energy density containing an infrared correction proportional to $H^{-2}$, modifying the dynamics of the apparent horizon. Using the Hayward Kodama formalism, we obtain a geometric equation of state and perform a criticality analysis, revealing a Van der Waals type structure with an inverted first order phase transition and a non physical swallowtail behavior in the Gibbs free energy, indicative of unstable thermodynamic branches. We further examine a dynamical extension including a $\dot{H}$ contribution and show that the unconventional critical behavior persists. The phenomenological viability of the model is tested through a joint statistical analysis with cosmic chronometers, PantheonPlus Type Ia supernovae, and DESI baryon acoustic oscillation data. These results establish Kaniadakis holographic cosmology as a consistent framework linking generalized entropy, gravitational thermodynamics, and observationally viable dark energy dynamics.