The impact of gamma-ray propagation effects on indirect dark matter searches

TL;DR

This paper emphasizes the importance of detailed gamma-ray propagation modeling in indirect dark matter detection, revealing that neglecting secondary particle interactions can significantly misestimate expected signals and limits.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive treatment of gamma-ray propagation effects, including inverse Compton scattering, which significantly alters predicted fluxes for WIMP annihilation signals.

Findings

Propagation effects can change gamma-ray flux predictions by up to three orders of magnitude.

Neglecting secondary electron and positron interactions leads to inaccurate dark matter limits.

Proper modeling is crucial for reliable indirect dark matter searches.

Abstract

In this work, we investigate dark matter (DM) detection in the context of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Upon annihilation, WIMPs generate cascades of secondary particles through various channels, many of which culminate in the production of gamma rays. As these gamma rays travel toward Earth, their spectra are reshaped by interactions with the intervening medium. While current models typically account for attenuation via pair production on the extragalactic background light, they often neglect the fate of the resulting electrons and positrons, specifically subsequent inverse Compton scattering of these secondary particles, which can regenerate high-energy gamma rays. Here, we revisit the predicted gamma-ray fluxes from WIMP annihilation by performing a more detailed treatment of propagation effects. We show that for distant sources and annihilation channels such as $\tau^+\tau^-$, the full treatments can significantly alter the observed gamma-ray flux, by up to a factor of three orders of magnitude for heavy WIMPs. This has an impact on current dark matter limits derived without taking into account propagation effects, depending on the considered WIMP mass and annihilation channel. Our study demonstrates the importance of a detailed propagation treatment for indirect dark matter searches, and the need to account for such effects in order to obtain accurate, more reliable dark matter signal predictions and exclusion limits.