Towards Improved Short-term Hypoglycemia Prediction and Diabetes Management based on Refined Heart Rate Data

TL;DR

This paper introduces two novel imputation methods for missing heart rate data in hypoglycemia prediction, demonstrating their effectiveness in improving data accuracy and enabling early detection of abnormal signals in diabetes management.

Contribution

The work presents two new imputation techniques, CRBC and CMPV, specifically designed for short-term heart rate data, enhancing hypoglycemia prediction accuracy.

Findings

CMPV outperforms other methods with an average score of 0.33

CRBC achieves a score of 0.48, showing competitive performance

Proposed methods improve the accuracy of missing data imputation in wearable sensor data

Abstract

Hypoglycemia is a severe condition of decreased blood glucose, specifically below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). This condition can often be asymptomatic and challenging to predict in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research on hypoglycemic prediction typically uses a combination of blood glucose readings and heart rate data to predict hypoglycemic events. Given that these features are collected through wearable sensors, they can sometimes have missing values, necessitating efficient imputation methods. This work makes significant contributions to the current state of the art by introducing two novel imputation techniques for imputing heart rate values over short-term horizons: Controlled Weighted Rational B\'ezier Curves (CRBC) and Controlled Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial with mapped peaks and valleys of Control Points (CMPV). In addition to these imputation methods, we employ two metrics to capture data patterns, alongside a combined metric that integrates the strengths of both individual metrics with RMSE scores for a comprehensive evaluation of the imputation techniques. According to our combined metric assessment, CMPV outperforms the alternatives with an average score of 0.33 across all time gaps, while CRBC follows with a score of 0.48. These findings clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed imputation methods in accurately filling in missing heart rate values. Moreover, this study facilitates the detection of abnormal physiological signals, enabling the implementation of early preventive measures for more accurate diagnosis.