X-World: Controllable Ego-Centric Multi-Camera World Models for Scalable End-to-End Driving

TL;DR

X-World is a controllable multi-camera generative world model for autonomous driving that produces realistic, long-term, multi-view video simulations with scene and appearance controls, enabling scalable evaluation.

Contribution

The paper introduces X-World, a novel multi-camera generative model that simulates future driving scenes with controllability and scene editing capabilities, advancing autonomous driving evaluation.

Findings

Achieves high-quality, multi-view video generation with strong view consistency.

Maintains stable and coherent long-term scene dynamics.

Supports flexible scene and appearance controls, including traffic and weather.

Abstract

Scalable and reliable evaluation is increasingly critical in the end-to-end era of autonomous driving, where vision--language--action (VLA) policies directly map raw sensor streams to driving actions. Yet, current evaluation pipelines still rely heavily on real-world road testing, which is costly, biased toward limited scenario coverage, and difficult to reproduce. These challenges motivate a real-world simulator that can generate realistic future observations under proposed actions, while remaining controllable and stable over long horizons. We present X-World, an action-conditioned multi-camera generative world model that simulates future observations directly in video space. Given synchronized multi-view camera history and a future action sequence, X-World generates future multi-camera video streams that follow the commanded actions. To ensure reproducible and editable scene rollouts, X-World further supports optional controls over dynamic traffic agents and static road elements, and retains a text-prompt interface for appearance-level control (e.g., weather and time of day). Beyond world simulation, X-World also enables video style transfer by conditioning on appearance prompts while preserving the underlying action and scene dynamics. At the core of X-World is a multi-view latent video generator designed to explicitly encourage cross-view geometric consistency and temporal coherence under diverse control signals. Experiments show that X-World achieves high-quality multi-view video generation with (i) strong view consistency across cameras, (ii) stable temporal dynamics over long rollouts, and (iii) high controllability with strict action following and faithful adherence to optional scene controls. These properties make X-World a practical foundation for scalable and reproducible evaluation.