Flying qubits Surfing on Plasmons
D.C. Glattli, P. Roulleau

TL;DR
This paper develops a unified dynamical quantum transport theory that describes how single-electron wave packets in graphene propagate coherently while interacting with collective plasmonic modes, enabling better understanding of flying qubits at high frequencies.
Contribution
It introduces a gauge-invariant, self-consistent framework that combines fermionic and bosonic descriptions of quantum transport in low-dimensional conductors.
Findings
Electrons 'surf' on self-induced plasmon waves at the Fermi velocity.
The theory captures photon-assisted transport and charge relaxation.
It remains valid beyond low-frequency regimes.
Abstract
The rapid emergence of flying qubits in graphene and other low-dimensional conductors is pushing quantum electronics into an ultrafast regime where conventional transport theories no longer apply. In these systems, single-electron wave packets propagate coherently over micrometer scales while interacting with collective charge excitations on comparable time scales. Yet existing theoretical frameworks describe either fermionic single-particle dynamics or bosonic plasmonic modes, without reconciling the two. Here we introduce a unified theory of dynamical quantum transport that bridges this long-standing divide. Starting from a gauge-invariant scattering approach, we show how a time-dependent single-electron excitation self-consistently generates a propagating internal potential that behaves as a collective plasmonic mode. Electrons propagate at the Fermi velocity while simultaneously…
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Taxonomy
TopicsQuantum and electron transport phenomena · Topological Materials and Phenomena · Graphene research and applications
