MRMS-Net and LMRMS-Net: Scalable Multi-Representation Multi-Scale Networks for Time Series Classification

TL;DR

This paper introduces scalable multi-representation multi-scale convolutional networks for time series classification, demonstrating improved accuracy, calibration, and efficiency across extensive benchmark datasets.

Contribution

It proposes two novel architectures, MRMS-Net and LMRMS-Net, for integrating multi-representation inputs in univariate time series classification, and adapts LiteMV for cross-representation interaction.

Findings

LiteMV achieves highest mean accuracy.

MRMS-Net provides best probabilistic calibration.

LMRMS-Net offers optimal efficiency-accuracy balance.

Abstract

Time series classification (TSC) performance depends not only on architectural design but also on the diversity of input representations. In this work, we propose a scalable multi-scale convolutional framework that systematically integrates structured multi-representation inputs for univariate time series. We introduce two architectures: MRMS-Net, a hierarchical multi-scale convolutional network optimized for robustness and calibration, and LMRMS-Net, a lightweight variant designed for efficiency-aware deployment. In addition, we adapt LiteMV -- originally developed for multivariate inputs -- to operate on multi-representation univariate signals, enabling cross-representation interaction. We evaluate all models across 142 benchmark datasets under a unified experimental protocol. Critical Difference (CD) analysis confirms statistically significant performance differences among the top models. Results show that LiteMV achieves the highest mean accuracy, MRMS-Net provides superior probabilistic calibration (lowest NLL), and LMRMS-Net offers the best efficiency-accuracy tradeoff. Pareto analysis further demonstrates that multi-representation multi-scale modeling yields a flexible design space that can be tuned for accuracy-oriented, calibration-oriented, or resource-constrained settings. These findings establish scalable multi-representation multi-scale learning as a principled and practical direction for modern TSC. Reference implementation of MRMS-Net and LMRMS-Net is available at: https://github.com/alagoz/mrmsnet-tsc