Observational Signatures of Rotating Ay\'{o}n-Beato-Garc\'{i}a Black Holes: Shadows, Accretion Disks and Images

TL;DR

This paper studies the observational features of rotating Ayón-Beato-García black holes, including shadows and accretion disk images, and constrains their parameters using Event Horizon Telescope data.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of shadows and accretion disk images for these black holes and constrains their electric charge parameter based on observational data.

Findings

Shadow size decreases with increasing charge z

Distinctive 'D'-shaped shadow in near-extremal rotation

Parameter constraints from EHT observations of M87* and Sgr A*

Abstract

We investigate the shadows, accretion disks, and observational images of rotating Ay\'{o}n-Beato-Garc\'{i}a black holes characterized by mass $ M $ , spin $ a $ , and electric charge $ \zeta $ . Our analysis reveals that the shadow size decreases with increasing $ \zeta $, and in near-extremal configurations (e.g., $ a = 0.95 $), the shadow adopts a distinctive ``D''-shaped morphology. For the accretion disk, we extend its inner edge to the event horizon and account for distinct particle dynamics inside and outside the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). We find that the correlation between $ (a, \zeta) $ and the observer's inclination angle significantly influences image asymmetry and inner shadow distortion. At higher inclinations, the direct and lensed images separate, forming a hat-like structure. Additionally, we compute the redshift distribution of the disk's direct and lensed emissions under varying parameters and viewing angles. By comparing theoretical shadow diameters with the Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 $^{*}$ and Sgr A $^{*}$--using inclination angles of $17^{\circ} $, $ 50^{\circ} $, and $ 90^{\circ} $--we constrain the viable parameter space, yielding the joint bound $0.132811\,M < \zeta < 0.213607\,M$ consistent with both sources.