Matter radii from interaction cross sections using microscopic nuclear densities

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive theoretical framework combining nuclear density functional theory and a modernized Glauber model to accurately extract neutron and proton radii from interaction cross section data, improving understanding of nuclear size evolution.

Contribution

It introduces an integrated, uncertainty-quantified approach linking nuclear structure and reaction models for reliable radius extraction from interaction cross sections.

Findings

No evidence for neutron swelling in calcium isotopes.

Methodology applicable across the nuclear chart.

Refined reaction model with updated nucleon-nucleon profiles.

Abstract

Understanding how nuclear size evolves with the number of protons and neutrons tests our models of strongly interacting matter. The nuclear charge (and proton) radii accessible through electromagnetic probes carry fundamental information on the saturation density and nuclear correlations. The radii of the neutron distribution are more difficult to measure, but they are important for our understanding of the isovector properties of nuclei that depend on the proton-to-neutron asymmetry, and on extended nucleonic matter in neutron stars. Interaction cross sections offer one of the few direct experimental windows into the neutron radii of nuclei far from stability, but translating these measurements into reliable structural information requires an integrated theoretical framework that links structure and reactions with a rigorous treatment of uncertainty. In this work, we compute interaction cross sections by using uncertainty-quantified proton and neutron distributions obtained in the self-consistent nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the Fayans energy density functional. The resulting densities are used in a modernized Glauber reaction framework, which features the refit of nucleon-nucleon profile functions. Applying this pipeline to the existing data on the calcium isotopic chain, we find no evidence for the dramatic neutron swelling reported earlier. While focusing here on the Ca chain, the methodology proposed in this work is applicable to interaction cross section measurements across the nuclear chart and is well-suited for new experiments currently planned at leading rare isotope facilities.