Holistic Energy Performance Management: Enablers, Capabilities, and Features

TL;DR

This paper presents a holistic approach to energy performance management in 6G networks, emphasizing the coordination of features to optimize energy savings without compromising key performance indicators.

Contribution

It introduces a taxonomy of energy-saving features and proposes a feature orchestrator to coordinate them, demonstrating significant energy reductions in 5G NR simulations.

Findings

Coordinated feature management reduces gNB energy consumption

Suboptimal savings occur when features are activated in isolation

Negligible throughput loss with coordinated energy-saving strategies

Abstract

Energy consumption is a significant concern for mobile network operators, and to enable further network energy improvements it is also an important target when developing the emerging 6G standard. In this paper we show that, despite the existence of many energy-saving features in 5G new radio (NR) networks, activating them in isolation yields only suboptimal savings and often compromises other network key performance indicators (KPIs) such as coverage or latency. We first introduce a compact taxonomy that distinguishes hardware capabilities from higher-layer features. Features fall into two classes: (i) signaling and scheduling mechanisms that create idle windows, and (ii) features that utilize those windows to save energy. We then present a feature orchestrator as a logical node to coordinate between features to maximize the gain. Using a 3GPP-aligned simulator with product-realistic parameters, we show that coordinating lean NR, scheduling, and advanced sleep modes significantly reduces gNodeB (gNB) energy consumption with negligible throughput loss, compared to the uncoordinated scenario. We conclude by outlining open issues in observability, system dynamics, coordination, and intelligent automation for energy performance management.