Local Knots, $\nu^+$-Sharp Knots, and Rational Slice Genus

TL;DR

This paper investigates the properties of $ u^+$-sharp knots in rational homology 3-spheres, showing that local knots derived from such knots do not have smaller rational slice genus than the original knots in $S^3$, using Heegaard Floer invariants.

Contribution

It proves that local knots from $ u^+$-sharp knots in rational homology spheres have rational slice genus equal to the original knot in $S^3$, establishing an additivity result.

Findings

Local knots from $ u^+$-sharp knots do not reduce rational slice genus.

The rational slice genus is additive for these knots.

The result applies to knots in rational homology 3-spheres derived from $S^3$.

Abstract

Hom and Wu introduced the knot concordance invariant $\nu^{+}$ for knots in $S^{3}$ and proved that it gives a lower bound for the slice genus. Wu and Yang extended $\nu^{+}$ to knots in rational homology $3$-spheres, where it gives a lower bound for the rational slice genus, an analogue of the slice genus for knots in rational homology $3$-spheres. We call a knot $\nu^{+}$-sharp if this bound is realized as an equality. An open question asks whether a local knot in a $3$-manifold $Y$, that is, a knot contained in a $3$-ball, can bound a surface of smaller genus in $Y\times I$ than in $S^{3}\times I$. Using the Heegaard Floer invariant $\nu^+$, we show that this does not occur for local knots arising from $\nu^+$-sharp knots: if $K\subset S^3$ is $\nu^+$-sharp and $Y$ is a rational homology $3$-sphere, then the induced local knot in $Y$ has rational slice genus equal to the slice genus of $K$. The proof proceeds by establishing an additivity result for the rational slice genus.